Tuning Guide/en - Revision history

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Importing a new version from external source

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Importing a new version from external source

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 :::*There is a mechanical issue. Check by spooling up the motor with no blades, then move with the tail push rod carefully by hand from end to end. (push rod disconnected from servo).
 :::*Tail servo is too slow (0.07s/60° or higher) - increase the '''Advanced/Rudder Revomix''' to value 1-4. Higher values are not recommended.
-:'''6.''' When above steps are done, you can tune the Stopping Behavior. For this purpose use the '''Advanced/Rudder Stop''' parameters. Value determine how aggressive the Rudder Stopping and Steering is. If you like sharp stops, you should set value between 6 to 8. If you like extra sharp behavior, then value higher than 10 are good for you. High value will add extra stress for servos and mechanics, so you should be carefull. If you like smooth stopping so that steering is also very smooth, you should set values between 5-7. If value is too low, the rudder reaction could feel delayed. In case the tail stopping is not equal or overshooting to one side, you can decrease the Rudder Stop - A or Stop - B. Stop - A will affect stopping from Clock-Wise turn, while Stop - B will affect stopping from Counter Clock-Wise turn. Stop - A is usually smaller by 1 - 2 points from Stop - B.
+:'''6.''' (OPTIONAL) When above steps are done, you can tune how sharp tail will behave. For this purpose use the '''Advanced/Rudder Feed Forward''' parameter. Value determine how aggressive the Rudder steering is. If you like quick reaction, you should set value between 6 to 8. If you like extra sharp behavior, then value higher than 10 are good for you. High value will add extra stress for servos and mechanics, so you should be carefull.
 :'''7.'''  (OPTIONAL) Once you are satisfied with Tail performance and steering, the last step is to tune Stopping behavior. Use parameters located at the '''Advanced/Expert/Rudder/Stop Gain'''. There you can tune Stop Gain for Clock Wise (CW) and Counter Clock Wise (CCW) direction. Increase the value if you need more agressive stopping. Decrease if you want smoother stopping. If you want agressive stopping but there is a bounce back visible, you can reduce it by increasing '''Rudder - Stop Smoothing''' value. In that way you can reach the best performance without a compromise.

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 ===Tuning Procedure===
 :'''1.''' Increase the '''Sensor/Cyclic Gain''' if you can observe the cyclic is not level during pitch pumps or flight is not precise. Mostly values around 60% are optimal for all models. You shouldn't set the gain as high as possible always. If gain is too high, you could observe Aileron oscillations, especially when descending slowly or while doing Tic-Toc maneuver. Sometimes it is caused by too soft head dampeners or non-flybarless blades as well. But if you can achieve values higher than 50% then it is optimal.
-:'''2.''' Set the '''Sensor/Rotation Rate''' parameter to the extent that flips and rolls are fast enough. Be carefull to not set it higher than your mechanics can handle. The highest value for the most models is between 11 - 13. If the value is too high, steering is not precise and sometimes you can observe that rate is not constant (Once you finish the cyclic input it will continue for a fraction of second).
+:'''2.''' Set the '''Sensor/Rotation Rate''' parameter to achieve required Flip and Roll Rate. Be carefull to not set it higher than your mechanics can handle. From certain point the model will stop increasing the rate. This mean your Cyclic Ring or Head Speed could be too low. Maximum Flip/Roll Rate for the most models is roughly 360°/s. If the value is too high, steering will initially react very quickly, but then it will slow down.
 :'''3.''' If input reactions are delayed, you want likely to increase the '''Advanced/Cyclic Feed Forward''' which plays very important role in overall behavior. Generally value 4 is fine for the most pilots. Too high value will induce unwanted effect of Elevator Bounce-Back. Low value will behave delayed and too smooth.
 :'''4.''' Now it is time to set the '''General/Flight Style'''. This is the last parameter that determines flight characteristics. If you like very linear movements from the stick center to full stick deflection then you will like low values. If you like flybar behavior, so that feeling around center is smooth but with faster input you will get a sharp response, then you want to set high value. With various combinations of Flight Style and Cyclic Feed Forward you can change Cyclic feeling noticeable. If you are switching from e.g. Microbeast, you will be comfortable with values between 4 - 6. If you are switching from V-Bar you will like 6 - 8. Difference between settings can be seen especially in a pirouette maneuvers and also Tic-Tocs. If value is too high, then blade' efficiency can decrease and motor can be overloaded. With higher value a sharp movements are transferred faster to the servos. Also if you are doing aggressive maneuvers, it will stop faster when stick is returned to the center. If the value is too low, then a Tic-Tocs can't be done fast enough, Piroflips can't be done precisely, etc. For beginners we recommend to leave default value. This parameter is only about your preference and both low and high value has its positive and negative side. For example, if you want smooth feeling around center with natural characteristics, you can set value of 8 for the Flight Style and Cyclic Feed Forward to 6 - 10.

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 :'''1.''' Increase the '''Sensor/Cyclic Gain''' if you can observe the cyclic is not level during pitch pumps or flight is not precise. Mostly values around 60% are optimal for all models. You shouldn't set the gain as high as possible always. If gain is too high, you could observe Aileron oscillations, especially when descending slowly or while doing Tic-Toc maneuver. Sometimes it is caused by too soft head dampeners or non-flybarless blades as well. But if you can achieve values higher than 50% then it is optimal.
 :'''2.''' Set the '''Sensor/Rotation Rate''' parameter to the extent that flips and rolls are fast enough. Be carefull to not set it higher than your mechanics can handle. The highest value for the most models is between 11 - 13. If the value is too high, steering is not precise and sometimes you can observe that rate is not constant (Once you finish the cyclic input it will continue for a fraction of second).
-:'''3.''' If input reactions are delayed, you want likely to increase the '''Advanced/Cyclic Feed Forward''' which plays very important role in overall behavior. If you are switching from e.g. Microbeast, you will be comfortable with values between 4 - 6. If you are switching from V-Bar you will like 6 - 8. If you are switching from Bavarian Demon, you will love values of 8 - 10. The higher values are more demanding for the servos. In bigger helicopter you can even risk Boom Strike with too high values. Too high value will induce too sharp movements and also elevator bounce-back. Too low value will cause very delayed (smooth) steering.
+:'''3.''' If input reactions are delayed, you want likely to increase the '''Advanced/Cyclic Feed Forward''' which plays very important role in overall behavior. Generally value 4 is fine for the most pilots. Too high value will induce unwanted effect of Elevator Bounce-Back. Low value will behave delayed and too smooth.
 :'''4.''' Now it is time to set the '''General/Flight Style'''. This is the last parameter that determines flight characteristics. If you like very linear movements from the stick center to full stick deflection then you will like low values. If you like flybar behavior, so that feeling around center is smooth but with faster input you will get a sharp response, then you want to set high value. With various combinations of Flight Style and Cyclic Feed Forward you can change Cyclic feeling noticeable. If you are switching from e.g. Microbeast, you will be comfortable with values between 4 - 6. If you are switching from V-Bar you will like 6 - 8. Difference between settings can be seen especially in a pirouette maneuvers and also Tic-Tocs. If value is too high, then blade' efficiency can decrease and motor can be overloaded. With higher value a sharp movements are transferred faster to the servos. Also if you are doing aggressive maneuvers, it will stop faster when stick is returned to the center. If the value is too low, then a Tic-Tocs can't be done fast enough, Piroflips can't be done precisely, etc. For beginners we recommend to leave default value. This parameter is only about your preference and both low and high value has its positive and negative side. For example, if you want smooth feeling around center with natural characteristics, you can set value of 8 for the Flight Style and Cyclic Feed Forward to 6 - 10.
 :'''5.''' Lastly, you might need to eliminate Elevator Bounce-Back effect. This can occur with high Cyclic Feed Forward. To reduce this effect increase '''Advanced/Elevator Filter''' parameter. Value between 2 - 3 should be fine for almost all helicopters. When using an aggressive blades you will need value of 4. Especially for bigger size helicopter, the value can be higher. In case of too high value, elevator movement can be too smooth and in some cases elevator can oscillate with low RPM during hovering. Set it only as high as really necessary.

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 :If the values for Rudder End-Points in the Limits Tab are less than 70, then it is too low. That mean that servo precision vs mechanical gain is not optimal. You can fix the issue by putting ball link closer to the center at the rudder servo arm so that limit can become higher. In case the value is more than 170 there is mostly too high servo precision vs mechanical gain. You should put longer servo arm, so the ball linkage can be further away from the center. Make sure you have configured limits so that tail slider is moving from end to end, but without any mechanical binding (servo buzzing). In case your tail mechanics allows a pitch higher than 45°, do not set limits that high. It is not required that limits for both sides are equal.
-===Tuning Procedure:===
+===Tuning Procedure===
 :'''1.''' Set '''Sensor/Rotation Rate''' for the Rudder - this parameter determine how fast the rudder will rotate around its axis. Values between 300 - 500°/s are used by the most pilots. Default value of 300 is fine for beginners and advanced pilots. 500°/s is fine for experienced 3D pilot.
 :'''2.''' Set '''Advanced/Rudder Delay''' accordingly for your servo type - please see the [[Servo list]] where you can find optimal range. For ''Futaba BLS'' servos and ultra fast servos it is fine to set 0. Slower the servo is, the higher value should be configured. If you are not sure, leave this parameter (value of 2 should fit for average digital servos).

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 '''Prerequisite step -''' You can verify that the Rudder servo End-points are not too low or either not too high.}}
 <p></p>
-:If the values for Rudder End-Points in the Limits Tab are less than 70, then it is too low. That mean that servo precision vs mechanical gain is not optimal. You can fix the issue with putting ball link closer to the center at the rudder servo so that limit can be higher. In case the value is more than 170 there is mostly too high servo precision vs mechanical gain. You should put longer servo arm, so the ball linkage can be further. Be sure you have configured limits so that tail slider is moving from end to end, but without any mechanical binding (servo buzzing). In case your tail mechanics allows a pitch higher than 45°, do not set limits that high. It is not absolutely necessary that limits for both sides are equal.
+:If the values for Rudder End-Points in the Limits Tab are less than 70, then it is too low. That mean that servo precision vs mechanical gain is not optimal. You can fix the issue by putting ball link closer to the center at the rudder servo arm so that limit can become higher. In case the value is more than 170 there is mostly too high servo precision vs mechanical gain. You should put longer servo arm, so the ball linkage can be further away from the center. Make sure you have configured limits so that tail slider is moving from end to end, but without any mechanical binding (servo buzzing). In case your tail mechanics allows a pitch higher than 45°, do not set limits that high. It is not required that limits for both sides are equal.
 ===Tuning Procedure:===

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 {{Quote|
-'''Prerequisite step -''' You can verify that the rudder servo limits are not too low or either not too high.}}
+'''Prerequisite step -''' You can verify that the Rudder servo End-points are not too low or either not too high.}}
 <p></p>
 :If the values for Rudder End-Points in the Limits Tab are less than 70, then it is too low. That mean that servo precision vs mechanical gain is not optimal. You can fix the issue with putting ball link closer to the center at the rudder servo so that limit can be higher. In case the value is more than 170 there is mostly too high servo precision vs mechanical gain. You should put longer servo arm, so the ball linkage can be further. Be sure you have configured limits so that tail slider is moving from end to end, but without any mechanical binding (servo buzzing). In case your tail mechanics allows a pitch higher than 45°, do not set limits that high. It is not absolutely necessary that limits for both sides are equal.

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ===Tuning Procedure:===
 :'''1.''' Set '''Sensor/Rotation Rate''' for the Rudder - this parameter determine how fast the rudder will rotate around its axis. Values between 300 - 500°/s are used by the most pilots. Default value of 300 is fine for beginners and advanced pilots. 500°/s is fine for experienced 3D pilot.
-:'''2.''' Set '''Advanced/Rudder Delay''' accordingly for your servo type - please see the [[Servo list]] where you can find optimal range. For ''Futaba BLS'' servos and ultra fast servos it is fine to set 0. Slower the servo is, the higher value should be configured. If you are not sure, leave this parameter (value of 5 should fit for average digital servos).
+:'''2.''' Set '''Advanced/Rudder Delay''' accordingly for your servo type - please see the [[Servo list]] where you can find optimal range. For ''Futaba BLS'' servos and ultra fast servos it is fine to set 0. Slower the servo is, the higher value should be configured. If you are not sure, leave this parameter (value of 2 should fit for average digital servos).
 :'''3.''' Set '''Gyro Gain''' (usually in your transmitter) to the value, that tail is holding well, but not oscillating in any maneuver (for example Pitch pumping). This value should be as high as possible always. If you are observing tail oscillation, you should decrease the gain to eliminate it. Please note that it is recommended to change the Gain only in this step. In case that you have achieved 100% Gyro Gain with no oscillation, please increase '''Sensor/Rudder Common Gain''' which will multiply the Gyro Gain.
 :'''4.''' Now, when your gain is configured, your tail can still not hold the position exactly. That's because your mechanical gain is not high as necessary. You can fix it by increasing '''Advanced/Piro Consistency''' value. Increase it by 5 gradually until the tail will hold. The value should be nearly in all cases between 165 - 200. With higher values the rudder will rotate more constantly and will become sharper. With bigger size helicopter the value is always higher. It depends mostly on the helicopter construction (manufacturer), servo arm and servo type. For ''Futaba BLS'' servos or similar, it is needed to increase the value even more (in rare cases to value of 220). You shouldn't set the parameter too high if not necessary (always set only as high as really necessary), otherwise ''tail oscillation'' in high extent can occur. You can verify it in a ''Fast Forward Flight'' or ''Pitch Pumps'' whether the value is too high and you can see any oscillations.