Difference between revisions of "Configuration/zh-hant"

Revision as of 15:28, 18 May 2017

軟件提供簡易安裝精靈。 我們強烈推薦新手使用 安裝精靈，它將引導您從頭開始完成整個配置。

1 連接到電腦

在開始實際配置之前，有需要先從電腦USB插口連接到Spirit 裡。 這取決於你所使用的操作系統和 電腦, 連接後有可能須要安裝驅動程式。

Spirit Settings適用於以下操作系統：

• Microsoft Windows
• Apple OS X
• GNU/Linux
• FreeBSD

一旦連接並且完成驅動程序安裝後會有一個新的虛擬COM端口 這認該在軟件和裝置管理員裡中可見。

MICROSOFT WINDOWS
通過軟件安裝程序安裝驅動程序。 這個過程將在 以下部分講解。

APPLE MAC OS X
為了正確設置功能，請在以下網址下載並安裝驅動程序： http://spirit-system.com/dl/driver/SiLabsUSBDriverDisk.dmg

GNU/LINUX & FreeBSD
沒有需要安裝。

1.1 WIFI-LINK

現在Wifi模塊可以和Spirit Settings進行連接。 它被稱為'Spirit Wifi-Link。 Wifi-Link 可以完全取代USB接口。 因此用戶可以無線地執行所有設置。 您可以在Wifi-Link頁面找到連接的描述。

2 與Spirit連接

如果您已將USB接口連接到電腦，接下來 將USB綫的另一端連接到Spirit FB的“SYS”插口。 Spirit FBL無法從USB電綫/ SYS插口取電 所以有需要從接收器，BEC或用外部電池供電 。 RUD和AUX插口可用於為Spirit FBL供電，如果使用BEC 或電池組，建議使用電壓3V至15V之間連接到這些端口 。中間的那條線必須是正電壓連接。

切勿插入供電的連接頭到SYS或ELE / PIT / AIL位置，否則陀螺儀可能會損壞。

如果設備尚未配置（例如新模型），建議不要連接 任何舵機。

3 軟件安裝

以下是支援平台的安裝說明。 配置軟件可在Spirit System網站上找到：[1]。

MICROSOFT WINDOWS
運行安裝程序並跟隨安裝精靈。 如果驅動程序尚未安裝，在安裝精靈裡有選項可以安裝。 安裝精靈將會帶領你安裝所有必要的步驟。 完成安裝後，配置軟件可以從桌面啟動或在 程序列表，稱為“Spirit Settings”。

APPLE MAC OS X
安裝下載的軟件，打開DMG文件，然後移動 到您的應用程序文件夾。 配置軟件可以從應用程序文件夾"Spirit-Settings"中啟動。

GNU/LINUX a FreeBSD
將所有文件從下載的文件解壓到例如您的主目錄或桌面。 配置軟件可以從新創建的目錄啟動“settings.sh”。

4 軟件啟動

一旦安裝了軟件，請確保您的Spirit設備通過USB連接到 SYS端口，通電並初始化（LED指示燈亮起），然後運行 你的電腦上的軟件。

從桌面或安裝目錄中啟動“Spirit Settings”。

設置軟件應在Spirit FBL初始化後啟動。 每當Spirit FBL被初始化（狀態LED亮起）並連接時，您就可以進行設置。 基於安全問題，飛行中的設置是不可能的。

WINDOWS上的問題
如果配置軟件無法檢測到有效的COM端口，可以嘗試一下 以管理員身份啟動軟件。 或者，檢查COM端口號。 如果端口號太高，請嘗試 將端口號（Silabs device）重新配置為例如COM1 - COM4。 對於筆記本電腦，請禁用任何USB節電功能。

MAC的問題
如果配置軟件無法檢測到USB接口，請確保安裝了[2]。 版本是否正確也非常重要，否則會導致系統不穩定。

5 軟件使用

在成功連接Spirit FBL後，所有配置功能應該可以更改。 如果沒有的話，請嘗試選擇另一個COM端口（在電腦端）或 嘗試重新啟動軟件，斷開Spirit FBL與電源的連接 再重新連接。

確保在Spirit FBL初始化後啟動軟件。

5.1 連接選項 (CONNECTION TAB)

此選項表示連接的當前狀態，當前固件版本，顯示連接了Spirit FBL的序列號，並允許您更改COM端口。 另外還有一個引導你初始設置的設置精靈。

我們強烈建議你使用設置精靈，因為它將以最簡單的方式引導您完成基本設置。

5.2 一般選項 (GENERAL)

如果您已經使用設置精靈設置了本機，你可以在這裡進行其他操作 設置。 這裡還會顯示所有您在設置精靈裡設置的值。

無論任何時後更改參數，你所改變的值都會立即應用，但不會保存。 所以斷開電源之後，除非你手動保存了設置，否則所有未保存的更改將會消失。 請參閱備份選項(Backup tab)

位置 (Position)
選擇Spirit FBL在模型安裝的位置。 （請見第3節 - 安裝）

十字盤 (Swashplate)
選擇您的模型的十字盤類型。 在大多數情況下，它是“CCPM 120°或CCPM 120°（反方向）”。

遙控器裡的中的任何十字盤混合必須關閉。 必須配置為H1（單伺服器）類型。

接收器 (Receiver)
選擇您正在使用的接收器類型：

• PWM – 標準接收器。 (Standard receiver)
  
• PPM – 單線連接。(Single line connection)
  
• Spektrum DSM2/DSMX – DSM2或DSMX衛星。(DSM2 or DSMX satellite)
  
• Futaba S-BUS – 接收器通過SBUS連接。(Receiver connected via SBUS)
  
• Jeti EX Bus – 接收器通過EX Bus連接（用於 JETI model integration）。[Receiver connected via EX Bus]
  
• SRXL/SUMD – 接收器通過SRXL，SUMD，UDI連接。(Receiver connected via SRXL, SUMD, UDI)

飛行風格 (Flight style)
設置模型的飛行風格。 該參數用於控制和調整飛行員要求的螺距感度。

較低的參數值意味著模型將表現得更加一致， 模型比校上受控和感覺更像機械化。 更高的價值意味著更自然的行為。 相對上更敏捷的反應， 有點像有副翼一樣。

這參數不影響模型的穩定性。 大多數飛行員喜歡默認值為4。

通道分配 (Channels)
單擊通道分配 (Channels)的按鈕後，將會帶到你顯示通道分配的頁面。 您可以在此處為遙控器的通道進行功能上的分配。 通道的可用數量 取決於您的遙控器和接收機類型。 請謹記只可分配一個 通道到一個功能。

當分配了“油門” (Throttle) 的通道時，油門輸出將可從AUX裡獲得。 當Bank Switching (即是通過遙控器通道改變已設定的參數) 功能已分配到一個通道時，你將可以在該通道使用Bank Switching “（見第5.6章）”。
當尾舵增益(Gyro Gain)功能未被分配時，您可以直接從軟件裡的傳感選項(Sensor tab)更改尾舵增益 。 未分配的那個通道 將可作另一種方式使用，例如 Bank Switching切換。

故障保護 (Failsafe)
對於PPM，Futaba S-BUS，Spektrum DSM2 / X，Jeti EX Bus，SRXL / SUMD接收器類型 您可直接在Spirit FBL裡設置故障保護(Failsafe)。 通道值會在你單擊設置故障保護按鈕(Set failsafe button)後儲存。 如果信號 失去超過1秒鐘，它將在飛行中自動設置為該值。

使用其他接收器類型時，故障保護(Failsafe)可以在發射器或接收器中進行編程。

實時調整 (Realtime tuning)
如果你分配好參數“（P）”，您可以直接從遙控器裡更改設置。 您可以通過遙控器容易地更改通參數值（例如通過電位計）。 因此，其實您根本不需要配置軟件。 有一個遙控器就足夠了。 所以您只須更改遙控器的通道就即可以更改Spirit FBL參數值。 最大偏轉(Maximal deflection)將設置為參數的最大值，而最小偏轉(Minimal deflection)將設置為最小值。 實時參數調整(Realtime parameter tuning)是有優先的。 所以當您啟用時，從配置文件更改的值參數或Bank Switching的參數值將被忽略。

這個功能在沒跟軟件連接時才會啟用。 以防止碰撞的可能。 一旦軟件斷開連接，所選參數由遙控器裡的通道值配置。 在軟件再次啟動的情況下，它將用回其內存內實時調校(Realtime Tuning)時的參數值。

您可以使用此功能同時配置3個不同的參數和功能(例如救援模式)。

如果分配了功能“（F）”，當它的參數值等於1，這個功能將會打開。 振動分析功能(Vibration analysis function)允許您在飛行過程中測量振動。 稍後將在“診斷”選項 (Diagnostic tab)部分中會有介紹。

參數調整完成後，建議打開軟件並將設置保存到Spirit FBL。 然後取消分配了的參數，使其值不能再更改。

當你調校時請務必小心，不要失去控制！

5.3 診斷選項 (Diagnostic Tab)

當你在上一個選項中設置完成，這時我們建議您請在遙控器裡作出任何調整和變更，使得遙控器控制與顯示中的系統有一樣的輸出。 簡單來說，每個遙控器的操縱桿中心點從來都不一樣的。 環境因數影響和磨損也可能產生影響令中心點常有波動。 另一個考慮因素是每個通道裡的最大值和最小值。 在這裡，您可以使用遙控器的舵機端點(Servo endpoint)來作調整。

為了使設備正常工作，每個遙控器裡對應通道的郁動是和軟件裡顯示出來是一致的。 郁動的方向也必須相同。

其次，有必要檢查副翼(Aileron)，升降(Elevator)，俯仰(Pitch)尾舵等的數值。 這些通道必須以大約0％為中心。在初始化期間，Spirit FBL將會自動檢測中立位位置。 請不要在遙控器上使用輔助微調(subtrim)或微調(trim)功能，因為Spirit FBL會將其視為輸入命令。

確保所有輔助微調(Subtrims)和微調(Trims)都被歸零。還有建議設置最大值和最小值。

還有建議設置最大值和最小值。 測試所有通道的最小和最大值，如果這些值在診斷選項中不等於-100％和100％，遙控器裡的端點將需要調整。

如果有些通道在軟件中顯示通道中心有 振盪，則可能意味著遙控器裡的電位器幼磨損。 這時可以通過在“高級選項”(Advanced Tab)中增加死區(Stick Deadband)來補償

如果副翼(Aileron)，升降(Elevator)或尾舵(Rudder)通道中的值在軟件裡以粗體顯示，那代表系統正在識別用於移動/旋轉對應的軸的命令。

要確定陀螺增益(Gyro Gain)和它的模式(Mode)，您可以檢查在軟件裡的陀螺(Gyro)顯示。

振動分析 (Spectrum Analyser)

振動分析是用於測量模型振動量的工具。 它是一種診斷工具，主要是用來鎖定模型哪個旋轉部分會有過大的振動。 有了這些信息，您可以輕鬆識別和修復您模型的任何問題。

要檢查模型的狀態，您可以看到“振動”(Vibration)欄。 這顯示出所選那個軸的振動幅度。

振動分析可以在三個獨立的軸上測量振動：

• X - 升降軸 (Elevator axis)
• Y - 副翼軸 (Aileron axis)
• Z - 尾軸 (Rudder axis)
• In-Flight - 飛行振動播放器 (Flight vibration player)

這個圖實時顯示當前所選軸的頻率。 這使您能夠清楚看到所選軸上振動的頻率和幅度。

振動是根據多種因素傳輸到每個軸。 頻率和幅度取決於模型的結構。 通常的振動在Y軸（副翼）上是最高的，我們建議您在每次進行測量時檢查所有軸。 但請注意所有軸的振動不應超過50％。 在振動達到90％以上的情況下，該模型需要作出檢查。 當任何軸上的振動幅度超過90％，在飛行前先檢查模型, 雖然Spirit FBL對振動具有很高的抗振解讀力，但這些高振動可能會導致Spirit FBL裡的感應遲鈍，再甚者振動會令螺絲振掉出來導致模型機械故障。

振動級別：

• 振動到達50％ - 振動在正常和可接受的水平
• Vibrations between 50% and 90% - raised vibration levels
• Vibrations exceeding 90% - extreme vibration levels

As well as overall vibration levels not exceeding 50%, any specific frequency (peak) should not exceed 50%. Anything above this level should be cause for concern and requires further investigation.

For comparing the graphs, you can use the Freeze button. The current live graph is displayed and the graph captured using the Freeze button is saved and will be displayed as subgraph. This graph can be deleted with the Clear button.

It is possible to save the Spectrum analyser graphs. Using the To image button, the current graph will be saved as an image.

The Spectrum analyser is able to detect the vibration frequencies up to 500Hz (rotating parts at speeds up to 30,000 RPM).

Measurement procedure

1. Remove main and tail blades from the model.
2. Place the model on a suitable, soft surface (e.g. carpet, grass).
3. Set blade pitch at approximately 0° on both main and tail rotors.
4. Run the Spectrum analyser (this also freezes all servos).
5. Spin up the motor to the usual flight RPM.
6. Switch between the X, Y and Z axes, saving an image of each.
7. Check vibrations in all axes.
8. Stop the motor.

Recognizing vibrations

To recognize which component or part is causing abnormal vibrations it is necessary to determine the speed of the highest peaks. The main rotor will have the lowest speed and the tail rotor speed will be approximately 4.5x higher. Generally, the smaller the size of the model, the higher the headspeed will be.

In order to find out which part of the model is causing the unwanted vibrations, move cursor to the peak and check the head speed (RPM). The speed of the main rotor is usually in the range of 1500 to 3500 RPM. Therefore, if the speed is within this range, it is likely that there is a problem with the main gear, main shaft, main shaft bearings or rotor head itself.

Most excessive vibrations are usually, although not always, tail related. To check if there are vibrations coming from the tail you should find the frequency peak that is approximately 4.5x higher than the frequency of the main rotor.

Once you identify which part of the helicopter is causing the unwanted vibrations, you can gradually remove components of the suspect assembly, repeating the measurement process until the vibration disappears. Once the vibration levels have dropped to an acceptable level, you have found the suspect component and can replace it.

Measuring with tail blades installed carries some safety concerns and will also show increased levels of vibration.

Gasser motors shouldn't be operated without load! Vibration measurement can't be performed without blades.

In-Flight - vibration analysis from flight

This feature allows you to record vibration spectrum from any moment of the flight. By selected channel you can tell the unit when the spectrum should be taken. The spectrum can be later viewer in the Spirit Settings software with the In-Flight option in the Diagnostic/Spectrum analyzer. Saved vibration spectrum will be stored until unit will lost the power. Saved record is rewritten on repeated activation.

For vibration measurement in the flight set the Special function in the General/Channels. Assign function F: Vibration analysis with axis you want to measure. Then select a channel which will be used for activation of the function.

As soon as the value is equal to 1 the vibration spectrum is saved. The record is saved exactly at the moment when function will change it's state from 0 to 1.

During flight it is enough to change state of selected switch of your transmitter (for example 2-state switch). After landing you can connect unit with the software and open the Vibration analyzer (select In-Flight axis to display the spectrum).

BEC TESTER

The tester is used for determining whether your power supply for the unit, receiver and servos is sufficient. The purpose is to achieve the biggest current spike and verify that your supply voltage will not drop under the safe level.

Click the Start button to start the test. After 20 seconds it should be finished. If you will observe any issue, then your power supply is insufficient and should not be used. In this case power supply with higher current rating should used.

LOG VIEWER

The log is used to record events during flight. If a problem occurs and the reason isn't immediately known or evident, checking the log can help in identifying the issue.

It works in such a way that it records various events from the time the unit is powered on. If an event occurred you can see this in the log, reporting to the log is done every 10sec. When you click the Open log button you can see the current flight log which contains all the events from the last flight. When the power is disconnected, the log is cleared.

In the case of a major problem occurring during the flight , the log is then saved permanently to the unit's memory and remains there until such time as the log is opened. If there is a saved log in memory, the user is advised with the message “Log from previous flight is available!” and the log from the flight when the problem occurred is opened. For example, when a signal is lost or the power supply failed you can find this in the log. The log from the first flight where the major problem occurred is always saved. If this is not opened, then it will not be overwritten with a newer one. In this state, the user is also notified by different cyclic pitch pump during the initialization process - elevator servo will change it's movement direction.

The log can contain the following events:

Good Health Message:

The model is in good condition. The unit did not recognize any problems.

Calibration Finished:

Sensor calibration was successful.

Governor was Engaged:

Governor achieved requested RPM and is active from this moment.

Cyclic Ring Activated:

Cyclic achieved its maximum tilt angle. This indicates the model was unable to do the desired correction as necessary. In most cases it is not relevant. But it is possible that the value of the Cyclic Ring parameter is too low and the model can't rotate as fast as intended in the aileron/elevator axes. Alternatively, a too high value for rotational speed could be configured. It is also possible that in fast forward flight the model can pitch-up rapidly. We recommend to set this parameter as high as mechanically possible.

Rudder Limit Reached:

The rudder servo reached its configured limit. When this event occurs before or after a flight it is not a problem. If you see this during flight it indicates that the rudder did not operate correctly. In most cases it is visible during flight as poor rudder response or “blow out”. If the model is set up correctly then it could be due to low rudder efficiency such as the tail blades being too short or headspeed too low. There is also the possibility of a mechanical issue or with the rudder limits being inadequate.

RPM Sensor data are too noisy:

RPM readout is very unstable and are oscilating more than +/- 100 RPM. Data from the sensor are unusable for the Governor. Use additional shielding and mount a ferite rings. Increase value of the RPM Sensor filter parameter in the Expert settings.

Received Frame was Corrupted:

Received frame is unusable and will be ignored. In the most cases it does not present any problem. If the event is occuring often, then connection between receiver can be wrong or there is excess noise. Verify quality of the link and check the cable between unit and receiver.

RPM Sensor data are lost:

Sensor data reading failed - RPM sensor malfunction probably occured. Sensor is not sending data for 2 seconds or longer. Make sure, that the sensor wiring is correct and that the motor is spinning when Hold is disarmed.

Receiver Signal Lost:

Signal lost suddenly. This problem should not occur at any time and must be resolved before the next flight. There could be a problem with the receiver and/or transmitter antennas. It could be a faulty receiver cable or the connection between the unit and receiver. In some cases signal loss can happen because of electrostatic discharge caused by static build up, this usually occurs in belt driven helicopters.

Main Loop Hang Occurred:

The main loop was delayed. This can happen when wiring is incorrect or there is abnormal electrical noise interference with the unit, for example, from a BEC. If using the configuration software it could mean the link to the Spirit FBL unit is slower than it should be.

Power Voltage is low:

Power supply voltage is lower than 2.9V. This mean you have to use a BEC that is capable of handling higher loads. In rare cases it could be faulty connections in cables.

Vibration Level is very high:

Vibration level achieved the level that is not normal and can affect integrity of the helicopter. During hard 3D maneuvers the event can occur more frequently.

All reviewed logs are saved as PDF files into Documents directory.

5.4 SERVOS TAB

This tab is used for servo configuration, care should be taken to ensure correct frequencies are used and that the directions are set correctly.

Type
In this section, set the values for neutral pulse and frequency according to your servo manufacturer specifications. For analog servos the frequency is usually a maximum of 60Hz.

Subtrim (tuning)
Ideally, without the rotor head installed, use a swash leveler to align the swash and servo horns so that the swashplate and servo horns are horizontal and perpendicular to the main shaft. This is done by ticking the item Subtrim (tuning). This will put the Spirit FBL unit into a special mode where the collective position will be neutral with the servos centered. In addition, stabilization will be disabled. Servos can easily be adjusted at this time. When completed, the swashplate should be exactly perpendicular to the main shaft and in addition collective pitch should be at 0° (it is possible to measure the pitch angle using a pitch gauge with rotor head and blades attached).

In most cases, it is also necessary for servo horns to be perpendicular to the main shaft. All servos, i.e., CH1, CH2, CH3 and CH4, are set separately on individual sliders. CH1 and CH3 are the aileron servos. CH2 controls the elevator and CH4 controls the rudder.

It is also necessary to set the subtrim and mechanics of the rudder so that the servo horn is perpendicular to its case and rudder pitch is at 0°. This setting will affect rudder stop performance.

Once set up, un-tick the Subtrim (tuning) check box to turn off this special mode.

After exiting the special mode, stabilization and rudder will work again. Be sure your collective pitch channel is configured correctly in the transmitter. That means you should see -100% to 100% in the diagnostic tab. Double check that 0% in diagnostic tab corresponds with middle position of your collective/throttle stick (with linear -100% - 100% collective pitch curve).

Servo reverse
This allows you to choose which servos should have their direction of motion reversed. While changing the collective pitch all servos should move in same direction. After this settings the model should react correctly to the sticks movement. This parameter is the most important!

Servo travel correction
Here, you are able to modify and correct travel for each servo individually. Some servos are not very accurate in regards to travel at their limits and this inaccuracy may have a negative impact on flight characteristics. Once in this section of the software, the unit switches to a mode for doing these corrections.

It is expected that in the previous step, Subtrim (tuning), the swashplate was set at zero collective (0° rotor blades pitch). The procedure is such that you should use a swash leveler to determine whether there is any deviation on any of the servos in the lowest and highest points of collective throw. For both positive and negative positions, it is necessary to set the values separately – this is the reason for 6 sliders. If the travel is less than required, increase the value. If too much, decrease. To activate sliders in the secondary part move your collective to opposite direction.

This correction is also useful if there is asymmetric geometry on the helicopter causing issues such as the inability to achieve equal positive and negative pitch values. In this case, it is necessary to modify the positive or negative sliders for all three servos. If you are unsure about your settings, it is better to leave the sliders in the Middle. (position 0)

5.5 LIMITS TAB

This tab affects limits and servo travel ranges.

Cyclic Ring (tuning)
This parameter sets the electronic cyclic ring, which allows the model to achieve the largest cyclic ranges without mechanical binding (binding of servo horns, pushrods and linkages). This parameter acts as a so-called electronic Cyclic Ring.

The settings here should be done very carefully to avoid damage to the model or it's associated electronics. Otherwise a boomstrike can occur.

First, set your desired collective range, for example, +/-12°. We recommend using a -100% to 100% linear collective pitch curve in the transmitter. Now it is time to set the Aileron/Elevator maximum cyclic pitch range.
Try to set the largest possible deflection. This parameter does not directly affect the speed of rotation, but if it is too low, the model may not have consistent pitch and roll rates. This setting should be done with 0° collective pitch. Then carefully check maximum stick deflection in all directions to ensure that mechanical binding does not occur. This should also then be done with maximum and minimum collective pitch. Generally there is no reason to set deflection higher than maximum collective pitch angle. This parameter act as a so called Cyclic Ring.

If you increase the collective pitch range, this parameter must then be checked and in some cases adjusted to insure no binding occurs at your new maximum and minimum pitch ranges. If the selected cyclic ring range is insufficient, it is possible that pitch-up can happen during fast forward flight (even if the pitch-up compensation is at its maximum value). This is because the model will not be able to add sufficient corrections with the configured range.

Rudder end-points (tuning)
Left / Right limit - Sets the minimum and maximum deflection of rudder rotor blades. We recommend setting these values for both directions to the maximum allowed range by the manufacturer of the helicopter. Otherwise, the rudder may not be able to keep the yaw direction during demanding maneuvers and tail blow outs may occur. Do not exceed allowed limit for your model.

5.6 SENSOR TAB

This tab is the last important part of the settings which must be configured.

Sensitivity
The rotary dial adjusts the gyro sensitivity for aileron, elevator and rudder axes.

Cyclic gain – The higher the value is, the higher the accuracy within the control loop. The default value is preconfigured to 55% gain, for most models an optimal value of around 60% is suggested.

Rudder Common Gain – 1.00x means no multiplication. This is the recommended value for 550-class helicopters and smaller. For bigger helicopters it is often higher. 1.3x could be fine. Gyro Gain in your transmitter should be configured to approximately 50% for the first flight.

Rudder Gain – This parameter is enabled only in case of unassigned Gyro Gain channel. It replaces function of Gyro Gain from the transmitter, so you can directly set the value in the software.

Rudder Gain in the software or in your transmitter can be programmed in this way:

• Head-Lock mode: 1% to 100%
• Normal (Rate) or a special function: -100% to 0%

Negative gyro gain can be used to activate the rescue or the stabilisation modes – check the Stabi tab.

Some transmitters have a gyro range of 0 to 100% where 50% is the middle - zero gain (e.g. Spektrum DX6i). Others use a range of -100% and 100%, where 0% is the middle.

Rotation speed
The default value is 8 and will favor beginners more, the higher the value, the faster the rate of rotation. This factor also depends on the mechanical linkage ratio or D/R (Dual Rate) in the transmitter and also on the Aileron/Elevator limit. Make sure the value is not too high else it can cause unwanted and inprecise movements.

default value - 8

We recommend to set the Cyclic rotation rate within a range of 8 - 11. Remember that DFC rotor heads tend to rotate faster so it's better to initially start with a lower value for them.

For the Rudder rotation rate pilots are preferring a range of 9 – 11.

5.7 STABI TAB

The Spirit unit offers you the options of model stabilization and rescue mode.The stabilization function, once activated, will recover the model to a horizontal position without any other input from the pilot, this can be used as a “bail-out” feature when trying new maneuvers and can help with the learning process.

Rescue mode complements the normal operation of the Spirit unit. If activated, the model will recover to a horizontal position and add collective pitch as per the settings. This function can be used any time when the pilot loses orientation or control of the model.

How to setup the Rescue or Stabilisation is described in the Stabi mode page.

From version 2.3.0 you can activate selected Function by two different methods:

• Negative Gyro Gain
• Separate Channel (NEW)

Negative Gyro Gain method is suitable for radios with low channel count (6 - 7). When you have available unused channel, method with a Separate channel is better and easier.

Currently selected mode is displayed in the Diagnostic tab.

Function
Here is where you select which mode should be activated at negative gyro gains.

• Disabled - Normal (Rate) gyro mode.

• Rescue (Normal) - Recovers the model to an upright horizontal position – skids always to the ground. This recovery mode is great for the beginners.

• Rescue (Acro) - Recovers the model to a horizontal position, inverted or upright, whichever is closer at the time of activation. For intermediatte and advanced pilots that are flying acrobatic manouvers.

• Stabilization (Normal) - stabilization mode - skids always to the ground. This mode is good for learning the basics such as hovering and slow transitions. Model is always pushed to the horizontal position.

• Stabilization (Acro) - stabilization mode - inverted or upright, whichever is closer at the time of activation. This mode is used for learning the basics of acrobatic maneuvers. If the sticks are in the center, the model has tendency for returning to the horizontal position.

• Stabilization (Scale) - stabilization mode - skids always to the ground. This mode is used for a scale flying. Gyro mode is Normal (Rate).

• Coaxial - stabilization mode - inverted or upright, whichever is closer at the time of activation. The steering behavior is very similar to a coaxial helicopters. Great for learning a hovering practices.

If using these modes, be sure your helicopter is initialized on a flat surface, not tilted to any side. Do not tilt the helicopter for more than 5 seconds.

The rescue mode is very demanding on the BEC. Be sure your BEC can handle such peak loads. In case it is is not sufficient your model could crash! Never exceed angles recommended by manufacturer of the model, else the mechanics can be damaged during the flight!

Flybar mechanic
If your helicopter is equipped with traditional flybar mechanics, you have to enable this parameter in order to use the stabilization or rescue modes. All settings are the same for flybarred helicopters except this parameter.

Flybarless helicopters must be configured and operated with the Flybar mechanic parameter disabled!

Rescue collective pitch
This determines how fast the model will ascend during the rescue mode. 100% means the maximum deflection of the blades, which was configured in the Servos tab. It is very important to check whether the rescue mode works correctly before the first flight (on the bench without the motor/rotors running). Collective pitch should be always positive with the rescue engaged - while helicopter is on the ground

Sticks priority
Specifies the amount of control while configured mode is activated. The higher the value, the more the model will react to stick movements.

Direction control rate
This specifies the rate of controlling direction for the stabilization mode. Low values are well suited for beginners to get coaxial like behavior. Higher values are more appropriate for scale flying.

Acro Delay
Specifies a time period for the Rescue (Normal), when the model is recovered from the inverted flight. Until the period is reached, the rescue has the same behavior as the Rescue (Acro). In this way, faster ascending to a safe level can be achieved.

5.8 ADVANCED TAB

This tab is for more advanced configuration of the Spirit FBL unit. It is recommended that you fully understand these parameters before adjusting them. However, it is essential to set geometry. Other parameters, however, depend on the preferences of the pilot.

Geometry 6° (tuning)
For proper operation of the Spirit unit, it is necessary to set this parameter correctly. Here, the unit is switched to a special mode for settings 6° of cyclic pitch on the main blades. It is necessary to set the value so that the blades angle is at 6° in the aileron axis. You need to rotate your rotor head with blades to be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the model. A higher value increases the angle; a lower one decreases the angle. Optimal head geometry should be in the range of about 90 – 160. If not in this range, it is recommended to adjust the distance of a ball link on the servo horns or perform other mechanical adjustments.

Collective Direction
Parameter to determine direction of the collective pitch. In case of a Trailing Edge rotor head or if a mixing arms are present on the rotor head, tick the Reversed option. In the most cases the parameter is unticked.

Correct configuration is very important, else the collective pitch will be reversed.

Elevator filter
This parameter compensates elevator bouncing during aggressive maneuvers. The larger the value, more compensation is involved. If this value is too high it can lead to a soft feeling in the elevator. We recommend using the default value of 1 to begin with.

Cyclic feed forward
This parameter is used to set amount of direct feel between your sticks and your model helicopter. The higher the value, the more aggressive the model will feel and the faster the model will react to stick movements. If the value is very high, elevator bounce-back effect can occur. During a tic-toc maneuver you can also observe higher motor load or aileron oscillations, because the model is unable to react fast enough. Setting this value too high can result in elevator bounce. If the model feels disconnected and there is a lag between stick inputs and the model, try increasing this value.

Rudder delay
This is parameter to smooth out a rudder movements. It also helps to stabilize the rudder – it is a kind of electronic damping, similar to a derivative term of regulation. The faster the servo is, the lower the Rudder delay should be. For analog servos it is recommended to set this value to around 20 - 25. For slower digital servos it is mostly between 10 - 15. For fast servos (~0.04s/60°) the value is around 5. In case of a brushless servos it is recommended to set the value of 0 - 2. If the value is too high, the rudder could start to oscillate, wag or it could cause too smooth rudder stopping.

Rudder dynamic
If the rudder does not stop correctly, for example it overshoots, this behavior can be changed with this parameter.

6 – is the default value.

The larger the value, the more aggressive the behavior of the tail. If the tail overshoots in stops, the value is too high. This parameter also affects the response speed of the stick movement; a higher value means a faster response. If you cannot reach a symmetric stop on both sides you will need to make sure that the tail is centered at 0°. Alternatively, you can lower the rudder limit for that side.

Rudder – Revomix
Revomix (tail pre-compensation) adds rudder in response to collective pitch changes, when the tail needs increased holding. Revomix is independent of the transmitter. By default it is turned off, the user must set the amount required of the pre-compensation.

Allowed values are 0 to 10 with 0 being disabled; in most cases it is not necessary to use this parameter, however, when using low headspeed or on helicopters with a poor performing tail, this setting can be used.

Pirouette consistency
This parameter determines the consistency of pirouettes and holding performance. If pirouettes are not consistent during certain maneuvers, increase the value of this parameter. This value is individual for every model, it depends on many factors such as: your rudder mechanics, head speed, etc. Before setting this parameter, it is recommended to first set the gyro gains. If the value is too high, the tail can oscillate or wag. It can also cause poor stop performance. This value should be between 150 and 180. For brushless servos it is recommended to increase value by 10-15 points.

5.8.1 EXPERT SETTINGS

For fine tuning you can set the following parameters. Normally it is not needed to configure any of these parameters.

Rotor Rotation Direction
Parameter to determine rotation direction of the main rotor. In the most cases it is in the clock wise direction - parameter is unticked.

Stick deadband
Determines the area, around center stick, where the system does not recognize any stick movement. If channel readings are inprecise the value should be increased. This can be verified in the Diagnostics tab. This parameter does not replace the Exponential function.

Elevator pitchup compensation
If, during fast forward flight, the model reacts to inputs too rapidly or if the model pitches up, increase this value until this no longer occurs. If the helicopter pitches up abruptly, this could be caused by a cyclic range that is too low and/or too much collective pitch. In this case, you will have to increase the Aileron/Elevator range as high as the model can handle without any binding. If this doesn't fix the problem, you can add more pitch-up compensation.

Cyclic phase
The value indicates the angle by which the swashplate is virtually rotated. For example a value of 90 will rotate the elevator to aileron. This feature is recommended for models with multi-blade rotor heads. For most other models, we recommend a zero value.

Pitch Pump Booster
To achieve flybar-like collective pitch behavior, you can increase the value until desired feeling is achieved. Remember that higher values are too demanding for power supply and servos on the model.

Signal processing
This parameter is used for operation on models with extreme vibrations that can't be eliminated in any way. This should be enabled only in cases when is absolutely necessary, because flight performance could be affected. It should increase precision of flight and also the precision of rescue and stabilization modes.

RPM Sensor Filter
In case that your RPM sensor has noisy output then RPM readout can be very unstable. This can lead to various problems with Governor. There may be a problem with spool up, flight mode switching or head speed jittering. To make RPM readout very precise, you may need to increase the value. On the other hand, too high value can lead to a delay, that is unwanted for optimal Governor performance. So the value should be as low as possible while RPM readout is still precise. Variation of 1-20 RPM against the Requested RPM is optimal.

Autorotation Bailout rate
When performing autorotation the Bailout feature is available. The bailout is used to recover the headspeed faster than normally in order to achieve flying RPM. In this way pilot can regain full control of the model and continue in the flight. When using Spirit governor you can use this parameter to precisely set spoolup rate during the bailout. When Spirit governor is disabled, this settings has no affect.

5.8.2 TELEMETRY SETTINGS

ESC Telemetry is feature that enables transmission of the telemetry variables from the ESC to your radio. Covered in the ESC Telemetry page.

5.9 BACKUP TAB

Here, you can save the settings to your Spirit unit before powering off, you can also save the settings to your computer here, Should you need to reload them at a later date.

Profile
This section allows you to Save and Load complete settings of the unit to a specified file. If you have more than one of the same model, it is not necessary to carry out a complete setup again, just load the stored settings easily with the Load button.

Unit
Any changes to the configuration can be saved at any time to the internal flash memory of the unit. To put all settings to a factory defaults, click Factory Settings.

Remember to save the settings each time you want to store the settings permanently. You must press the Save button. Otherwise, the changes will be lost after the Spirit FBL unit is turned off.

Bank Switching
In case that the Bank Switching is enabled, you can save the settings from single bank or even all banks. To see the differences between Banks you can use Bank Comparison feature.

5.10 UPDATE TAB

If you want to update the firmware, you can do so in this tab.

Firmware
First select the data file containing the firmware (*.4df) – Select button.Once the file is selected, press the Flash button. The upgrade progress will be displayed here. After completion, a confirmation dialog box should indicate a successful update. Then, unplug the unit from its power source. Upon the next start it will load with the newly flashed firmware.

Configuration of the unit is not changed, so you do not need to save/load it.

You can get firmware from: spirit-system.com.

6 BANK SWITCHING

This functionality allows you to switch between saved settings during a flight. Switching is done through the transmitter, so that channel's value is changed. This mean that a Bank can store one unique settings. The unit is able to store 3 different banks.

With a transmitter you are able to use a three position switch to switch freely between banks.

Bank switching is disabled by default, so you can decide whether it is useful in your application. You have to activate it by the assignment of Bank function in the General/Channels window. Generally, it is assigned to channel 7.

Bank 0 – active in range of lower third (impulse under 1400μs).

Bank 1 – active in range of mid third (impulse between 1400μs to 1640μs).

Bank 2 – active in range of upper third (impulse above 1640μs).

Initial settings for Bank 1 and Bank 2 are equal to Bank 0. Bank 0 allow you to configure all parameters, while Bank 1, 2 does not allow to set main parameters. For safety, Bank 1 and 2 does not allow you to set any main parameters.

The Bank switching is great for switching between flight styles, sensor gains for low or high RPMs, for slow acro or 3D. Alternatively it can be used just for tuning your settings.

If the software is connected with the unit then bank switching by the transmitter is disabled. Then, Bank switching is performed using the software in bottom part of the window. When a bank is switched using the software it is necessary to save your settings to the unit before you switch Banks, or your settings will be returned to the previous (unchanged) state.

To verify that the Bank switching is working properly, please start the software and look at the Diagnostic tab. There you can see Bank indicator with the channel bar. Try to change position of assigned switch. If everything is correct, you will see that the Bank number will change there.

7 GOVERNOR

From firmware version 1.2 governor feature is available! You can use this feature instead of internal governor from your ESC or other governor. It is designed to work with electric, nitro and gasser helicopters. This can make flight performance even better because of constant head speed.

To achieve proper function it is very important to configure your ESC and then the unit. First from all make sure that internal governor is disabled in the ESC.

It is necessary to disassemble rotor blades from your model prior to the governor setup. Do not make any adjustments with motor turned on.

Governor feature can be used with the following receiver types:
Spektrum DSM2/DSMX, Futaba S-BUS, Jeti EX Bus, SRXL/SUMD.

It is necessary to use throttle output from the unit when using governor. Throttle output is at the AUX port. You must connect the ESC or throttle servo there.

7.1 Sensor Wiring

Signal from a RPM sensor should be connected to the PIT pin (middle pin of the ELE/PIT/AIL port - Spirit and Spirit Pro).

• ESC with RPM output

For electric helicopters the best and the easiest solution. You can use RPM output cable that is present on the ESC.

• ESC without RPM output

In case that your ESC has no RPM output you will need a separate RPM sensor that can be connected to phases of the motor. Important is to power the sensor properly. Voltage can't exceed allowed level for the sensor. Recommended voltage range can be obtained from the sensor manufacturer. In case that the sensor require 3.3V you can connect it to the satellite connector in the unit (Details in the following photo). You can also use the Spektrum adapter.

In case that the sensor is powered improperly it can be damaged along with the unit.

• Magnetic sensor

For Combustion helicopters is necessary to use a sensor working on principle change magnetic field. In case that your ESC has no RPM output you will need a separate RPM sensor that can be connected to phases of the motor. Important is to power the sensor properly. Voltage can't exceed allowed level for the sensor. Recommended voltage range can be obtained from the sensor manufacturer. In case that the sensor require 3.3V you can connect it to the satellite connector in the unit (Details in the following photo). You can also use the Spektrum adapter.

In case that the sensor is powered improperly it can be damaged along with the unit.

7.2 Prerequisites

Electric

1. Set throttle range in your transmitter so that 0% and 100% throttle position matches with value of the throttle bar in the diagnostics tab. This can be done by Subtrim function in your transmitter and/or Travel Adjustment function.
2. Re-calibrate throttle range according to instructions of your ESC. In the most cases it can be configured by powering the model with throttle stick with 100% throttle and then by moving the stick down to 0%.
3. If possible, configure fast spoolup mode in the ESC so the governor will be unaffected.

Nitro / Gasser

Set the throttle range in your transmitter so that 0% and 100% throttle position matches with value of the throttle bar in the diagnostic tab. This can be done by Subtrim function in your transmitter and/or Travel Adjust function.

7.3 Activation

To activate Governor feature in the unit, you will need to assign Throttle function in the General tab/Channels. Then you will be able to enter Governor Settings in the General tab.

7.4 Settings

First from all basic settings are necessary so the governor can control the head speed correctly.

Throttle frequency
To achieve the fastest governor reaction it is necessary to set the highest possible frequency. For ESC it could be only 60Hz, but mostly all can work even with 200Hz. If you are unsure, please contact manufacturer of the ESC. For combustion helicopters it is max. operating frequency of the throttle servo.

Throttle Range
This parameter can affect output from the unit so you can fine-tune ranges precisely. For electric helicopters this parameter is optional. But in case that your ESC does not allow to calibrate throttle range correctly, you can do so here. For Nitro and Gasser helicopters you have to configure it always so the Throttle servo range matches range for the motor.

Throttle Range - Min.
Value of the lowest throttle signal. Default value: 1100 μs. For electric helicopters this value should be specified by manufacturer of the ESC. It is often specified in value of miliseconds (ms). Parameter is optional - you do not have to change it if your ESC support the throttle calibration (e.g. by sticks).

You should set the lowest position when the motor is not spinning up anymore – is halted. While configuring this, the motor can start so you have to be very carefull.

Throttle Range – Max.
Value of the highest throttle signal. Default value: 1900 μs. For electric helicopters this value should be specified by manufacturer of the ESC. It is often specified in value of miliseconds (ms). Parameter is optional - you do not have to change it if your ESC support the throttle calibration (e.g. by sticks).

The value should be configured to match with 100% throttle output programmed in your ESC or full throttle of the motor. If this parameter is not high enough you will be unable to tune Governor because there will be not enough room to compensate high loads. If configured too high then you can observe that after high load head speed will not drop immediately but can be there even for few seconds.

Throttle Reverse
Especially for Nitro and Gasser motors you can set correct compensation direction for the servo here.

Gear Settings - Sensing Divider
Electric motor: Motor poles / 2. For a 10 pole motor set divider to number 5. Mostly configured to 3 – 5.
Nitro/Gasser motor: Number of all active magnets. Mostly it is 1 – 2.

Gear Settings - Gear Ratio
Gear Ratio of the helicopter between the main wheel and pinion of the motor. For example: 120T main gear / 12T pinion = 10.

Max. Head Speed
Configure max. head speed that should be achieved with 100% throttle curve. For example: If you know that you won't exceed 2500 RPM then you can set the value to 2500. With 80% throttle curve your head speed will be 2000 RPM (2500 * 0.80 = 2000).

Fine-Tuning – Spoolup rate
Configure speed of the motor spoolup. For initial tests we recommend Slow spoolup rate.

Fine-Tuning – Spoolup Rampup
Value that will be added at the beginning of motor spoolup – when Hold is turned off. If the spoolup is not smooth, i.e. motor will start with a kick, the value is too high. If the spoolup has a delay, the value is too low. Default value of 50 μs should work fine in the most cases.

Fine-Tuning - Governor Response
This parameter is the most important one to achieve fast and proper response of the governor. It determine how fast the governor should react to a short-term load. Thus optimal settings are required. If configure too low or too high, rudder will not hold properly and can oscillate. Governor can greatly affect rudder performance so you can achieve better holding behavior. Too high value will result in overspeeding during e.g. pitch pump.

Fine-Tuning - Holding Performance
Determine how well the head speed is maintained during a long-term load. If value is too low then during e.g. tic-toc maneuver head speed can drop gradually. In case it is too high then after the tic-toc head speed can be higher than necessary and can even return to requested RPM with noticeable delay. It is better to start governor tuning process with low value.

7.5 Fine-Tuning Procedure

Firstly you have to finish basic setup including Max. Head Speed. Throttle curve in the transmitter must be FLAT. We recommend to set the throttle curve for example to flat 70%, 80% or 90%.

After disarming Throttle Hold you should immediately see Requested RPM in the software – this is desired head speed that should be maintained. Current RPM is head speed that is currently on the rotor head. If Current RPM is not calculated properly, then there is a problem with Gear Settings. In case that you can see zero or random Current RPM value then there is a problem with RPM Sensor and must be fixed.

Performance tuning procedure
We recommend to set the following values for the beginning:

• Governor Response: 5
• Holding Performance: 1

1. You should start with increasing the Governor Response. You can do so until RPM is constant enough while doing aggressive collective pitch changes during hovering. When you will notice an overspeeding (RPM is higher than initially was) then the value is too high. In case that the value is too low or too high then the rudder performance can be affected negatively as well.
2. When the Governor Response is well tuned, you can continue with increasing the Holding Performance parameter. In case that the value is too low, you will notice poor holding performance during demanding maneuvers with longer duration such as loop or tic-toc. If the value is too high, you can observe that the head speed is unstable even during stationary hovering.

Governor Response: 6 and Holding Performance: 5 may work fine for wide range of the helicopters.

• Throttle calibration of the ESC is possible only if the Governor is disabled in the unit.
• For throttle curve under approx. 50% governor is inactive – throttle is controlled directly.
• You should see “Governor was Engaged” event in the log after spoolup with enabled governor.
• Governor Bailout function can be activated whenever the throttle signal is higher than 1250 μs which is approx. 12% throttle curve. If the signal is lower then smooth spoolup sequence is activated.
• In case that the Current RPM value is 4000 RPM measurement is out of range. It may be needed to change count of the active magnets.
• If governor does not react correctly during Throttle Curve changes or even during spoolup, it is most probably result of an excess noise in the RPM sensor or connection. You may consider to use a proper shielding. Increasing value of the RPM Sensor filter in the Expert settings can solve the problem.

7.6 Sensor List and Troubleshooting

List of supported RPM sensors and their wiring is available on the Governor page.

You can also find there solutions for a various problems related with the Governor.

8 SOFTWARE KEYBOARD CONTROL

For fast and easy configuration we have implemented keyboard controls in the software.